Friday, 8 March 2019

How can an adults outlook on mathematics impact on a child’s education?

A child’s mathematics experience and learning can be massively impacted on by an adult’s opinion. If a teacher shows a negative outlook on the subject it can impact the child. A lot of children say that they dislike maths and this is often because they hear negative talk about the subject. Negative attitudes towards maths are damaging, leading to disengagement, increased anxiety and a lack of confidence, and a hesitancy to try to improve skills. After reading an article on Parent Attitudes Influence Their Children's Attitudes Toward Math and Science, I have come to realise that parents are very stereotypical when it comes to buying specific toys, games and books for boys related to maths and science. When it comes to learning maths in school, boys are often more adept to the subject than girls due to the advantages of these gender specific games and books. It is culturally acceptable in the UK to be negative about maths, in a way that we don’t talk about other life skills. We hear ‘I can’t do maths’ so often it doesn’t seem a strange thing to say (Kowsun, 2008). Maths is seen as the remit of ‘mad scientists’, ‘nerdy’ boys, and the socially inept (Epstein et al, 2010). We talk about maths as though it is a genetic gift possessed only by a rare few, and inaccessible to the general public.

References:

Kowsun, J. 2008. This innumerate isle – Online at http://www.tes.co.uk/article.aspx?storycode=2033102 [Accessed 11.1.19].
Epstein, D., Mendick, H., Moreau, M.-P., (2010). Imagining the mathematician: young people talking about popular representations of maths. Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education 31, 45–60.

Why is problem solving and reasoning important in primary school mathematics?

Problem solving is beneficial for children as they are constantly learning how to develop a wide variety of different skills developing reasoning skills in Maths is vital to being successful in new curriculum SATs. 
Within foundation phase mathematics in Wales the curriculum as stated in the Donaldson report, will focus on developing numerical reasoning, there will be a stronger emphasis on using number skills, measuring skills and lastly using data skills. In Scotland number, money, measurement, shape, position, movement and information handling are the key elements that early level focuses on. Education Scotland, 2017. The new curriculum will focus on they both focus on data management, t Each of the Areas of Learning and Experience should make distinct and strong contributions to developing the four purposes of the curriculum. Taken together, they should define the breadth of the curriculum. Donaldson, 2015.

What is the purpose of preschool education?

Preschool education is the start of a child’s structured academic journey. It can start as early as nursery or preschool where children learn basic skills essential for everyday life, such as washing their hands or brushing their teeth. Even from a young age it’s so important for children to be in education because it’s a vital part of their life. Nursery is where children learn colours, the alphabet and first start learning numbers. I believe it shapes their lives and gives them incredible opportunities that they may not necessarily get at home.  Researchers claim that attending a good pre-school and primary has more impact on children’s academic progress than their gender or family background. (Lipsett, A. 2008) Preschool education is brilliant for children because it is building them up for the first 13+ years of their lives. It gets you into a set routine pattern which prepares a child for primary school so it is less of a change when they come around to moving up.

Preschool programs are particularly successful in giving children from vulnerable families a boost, putting them on even footing with more affluent families as they prepare to start school. Preschool also helps to develop children’s executive function skills: the ability to hold and manipulate information in the brain, plan and regulate one’s behaviour, problem-solve, and be creative. Emotional self-regulation skills: the ability to adapt behaviours depending on the situation, to control impulses and to shift attention. Self-regulation in learning skills: the ability to postpone immediate satisfaction to attain long-term goals, sustain attention, be persistent, and remain concentrated.
References:

Lipsett, A. (2008) Nursery and primary school are more important than home environment, study shows. Online at: https://www.theguardian.com/profile/anthealipsett Accessed [24/02/19] The Guardian. 

Encyclopaedia on Early Childhood Development (2012) Preschool programs Online at: http://www.child-encyclopedia.com/preschool-programs [Accessed; 24/02/19]

How does technology improve primary education?

Technology has a very big impact on today's society and the world we live in, this is only going to develop further and become more influential on people’s lives. Bringing an aspect of technology into education is extremely important and can show children as well as parents how technology can be used as a positive.
Technology can be used to engage children especially those who struggle to concentrate or find it hard to focus. Children can get distracted if a teacher is sat in front of them talking at them in an attempt to teach. There are many ways that technology can be used to prevent this such as using PowerPoint presentations or videos to gage interest. This is something different from writing on a whiteboard so for children they find it more interesting and exciting.

Technology can develop education by giving students additional resources and options to seek extra support online. Within a lot of school’s teachers set homework over online sources such as MyMaths or Purplemash. For students who need to spend more time practicing a concept, online exercises and curriculum can also help them work at their own pace and still keep up with their peers. Khan, T (2019) This approach benefits both the pupil and the teacher as it can be easier to use as well as quicker for the classroom teacher when they have on average 30 students work to mark, it is sometimes easier to access and there is no excuse of it getting lost. In addition to this is saves a lot of printing ink and is better for the environment.  Since the introduction of computers, tablets, and mobile phones, there has been a great scope of education applications that allow learners to learn various concepts in a playful manner. Moreover, they can access to live streaming videos online to better understand an idea, subject, or concept. Morrison, 2018

How is technology already used within the primary schools and how is this beneficial?

Standardised tests can be done through computers rather than with a pen and work book, registers are completed by class teacher using an online database, PowerPoint presentations are made online and often shown to the class by using a smartboard. Within specific lessons videos can be shown to demonstrate things or show examples, for example, in science lessons experiments videos can be shown before they are carried out instead of, just being shown by a teacher. This makes work interactive and fun for children and they tend to learn more from a first-hand experience and want to then get involved and try out what they have watched.
Many schools have brought in the use of iPad and own one of two per classrooms, they use these a lot of the time to take photos and use them on the school’s social media pages like twitter or Facebook, this is a way of showing parents and other people what the children get up to and are learning.
References:
Khan, T (2019) How Technology Can (and Does) Improve Education. Online at: https://www.trustradius.com/buyer-blog/how-technology-improves-education [Accessed 24/4/19]  
Morrison, J (2018) 8 Ways Technology Improves Education. Online at: https://elearningindustry.com/technology-improves-education-8-ways [Accessed 24/4/19] 

The importance of story telling.

What is storytelling?

Storytelling is the interactive art of using words and actions to reveal the elements and images of a story while encouraging the listener’s imagination. (National Storytelling Network. 2019) Storytelling is often described as an ‘art’ not a skill or a technique. It is a way that you can use your imagination and put yourself in a different place. Storytelling is beneficial for children because it gives them the opportunity to enhance creativity, curiosity and imagination. Stories create magic and a sense of wonder at the world. British council.

What are the benefits of storytelling?

Children use storytelling to communicate with each other, build relationships and share memories.  It is beneficial for holistic development and through storytelling children are encouraged to listen to others, whether it be the storyteller or others listening to the story. They learn to be more patient and to let others speak; they begin to understand that others may not interpret things in the same way they do. Kumon, 2019.

How is it used in the primary school?

Story telling is used everyday in the primary school through a variety of different ways. Mainly in foundation phase, storytelling is often a daily occurrence where the class teacher will take time out of the day to sit and read a story. This is beneficial to children as it gives them time to feel relaxed while they concentrate on the practitioner whilst listening to the story. Storytelling is engaging for children and important for their development, when listening to stories children pick up on vocabulary and increase children's development in writing.

What can a practitioner do for a successful storytelling experience?

As a classroom teacher, you can encourage your children to read outside of the school environment sending them home with guided reading tasks. Promoting reading through the classroom ‘reading corner’ ensuring children have an environment that they can go to either quietly or with friends where they can read comfortably and relax. The teacher can also encourage active participation when reading a class book, asking pupils questions based on the story or if they’d like to help read.

How can the practitioner engage the classroom when telling a story?

You can:
-       Vary the way you speak by changing the volume, pitch and tempo of your voice. make your body and face respond to the tale
-       Have a clear focus.
-       Maintain eye contact with the audience
-       Make the audience believe you
-       Use different, exaggerated character voices
-       Use silence and pauses to add dramatic effect

What is storytelling?


Storytelling is the interactive art of using words and actions to reveal the elements and images of a story while encouraging the listener’s imagination. (National Storytelling Network. 2019) Storytelling is often described as an ‘art’ not a skill or a technique. It is a way that you can use your imagination and put yourself in a different place. Storytelling is beneficial for children because it gives them the opportunity to enhance creativity, curiosity and imagination. Stories create magic and a sense of wonder at the world. British council.

What are the benefits of storytelling?

Children use storytelling to communicate with each other, build relationships and share memories.  It is beneficial for holistic development and through storytelling children are encouraged to listen to others, whether it be the storyteller or others listening to the story. They learn to be more patient and to let others speak; they begin to understand that others may not interpret things in the same way they do. Kumon, 2019.

How is it used in the primary school?

Story telling is used everyday in the primary school through a variety of different ways. Mainly in foundation phase, storytelling is often a daily occurrence where the class teacher will take time out of the day to sit and read a story. This is beneficial to children as it gives them time to feel relaxed while they concentrate on the practitioner whilst listening to the story. Storytelling is engaging for children and important for their development, when listening to stories children pick up on vocabulary and increase children's development in writing.

What can a practitioner do for a successful storytelling experience?

As a classroom teacher, you can encourage your children to read outside of the school environment sending them home with guided reading tasks. Promoting reading through the classroom ‘reading corner’ ensuring children have an environment that they can go to either quietly or with friends where they can read comfortably and relax. The teacher can also encourage active participation when reading a class book, asking pupils questions based on the story or if they’d like to help read.

How can the practitioner engage the classroom when telling a story?

You can:
-       -  Vary the way you speak by changing the volume, pitch and tempo of your voice. 
-   - Have a clear focus.
-       - Maintain eye contact with the audience
-       - Make the audience believe you
-       - Use different, exaggerated character voices
-       - Use silence and pauses to add dramatic effect

References:

-      *  National Storytelling Network.(2019) Online at: https://storynet.org/what-is-storytelling/ Accessed [6/2/19]
-       * British council BBC. Storytelling - benefits and tips. Online at: https://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/article/storytelling-benefits-tips [Accessed: 03/05/19]  
-      *  Kumon, 2019. The benefits of storytelling. Online at: https://www.kumon.co.uk/blog/the-benefits-of-storytelling/ [Accessed: 03/05/19]  

Tuesday, 5 March 2019

How can you learn mathematics using real world problems?

Whilst being on placement in reception I have seen cash handling within role play in the reception classroom. The children had the opportunity whilst on 'choose' to go in the role play area, which, at the time was at a supermarket. 'Choose' is a time the children get to choose form a selection of options whilst the teacher is working with a particular group. When in maths lessons it is important to give children, worded questions based on a range of real-world problems as well as straight forward sums.  This helps them to realise the importance of maths and how they can use what they learn in school in real life.

When can you use maths outside of the classroom?

-       Maths can be used when building things, measuring is important skill to use within the primary school. Without learning this skill at an early age, something as easy as measuring a plank of wood to build a bench can prove really difficult.                                  
-       For baking maths is an essential skill, estimating and weighing ingredients are extremely important when baking a cake.
-       You can use Maths when shopping with parents etc.
-       When driving by estimating the amount of fuel you’ll need to planning out a trip based on miles per hour and distance travelled.
-       Maths helps you manage time effectively.

‘I see pupils learning things sometimes that they don’t perhaps make sense of quite so quickly indoors ... This morning with the numeracy, I know a lot of children would have really struggled with grasping the concept of perimeters, but being able to walk it out ... made a lot more sense to them’ (Teacher).”(Plymouth University, 2016)